This course is a must for any engineers working on carbonates. This cover;

• Estimating both m and n at downhole
• Modeling and quantifying the effects of vugs mainly on the parameter “m” in the Archie equation.
• Using the GR log to estimate the volume of dolomite (Vdol). This is a first step to quantify the effects of hydrocarbon shift on the density-neutron log X-plot.
• Using the resistivity and porosity logs to quantify the values and effects of micro-porosity. The pore structure in carbonates is essentially a dual-porosity
• Rock typing based on the pore-throat This is used to define zoning and to obtain improved permeability in carbonates.
• The applications of the various new high technology tools in interpreting carbonates. This includes PNX, sonic-scanner, Dielectric scanner, MR- Scanner and cross-well electromagnetic scanning.
• The course will have daily workshop sessions covering 22 field

Who should attend?

This course is a must for all Petrophysicists, reservoir engineers and geologists in- involved in data acquisition and interpretation. No previous open hole knowledge or special expertise is needed.

AGENDA

Day 1

 Carbonates geology and variable parameters

• Nomenclature and agenda
• Carbonate Geology and deposition environment
• Dolomitization and its effects on carbonates properties
• Reservoir Rocks and their properties
• Reservoir Parameters- Parameter variations
• Tool Conveyance in Open Hole
• Logging Unit-Depth Control
• Drilling and mud filtrate Invasion
• Natural GR GR variations in carbonates and its applications to determine the volume of dolomite.
• Important Variables in Carbonates: Variations in “m”, “n”, vugs, fractures, micro-porosity, etc.
• hour Workshop on leak

Day 2

Porosity and Lithology and Hydrocarbon evaluations

• Physics of neutron logging – neutron porosity and capture cross-section (Σ). Application of Sigma obtained from Open Hole Logging
• The density Physics and limitations.
• The acoustic Estimating secondary porosity
• Density neutron cross-plots to obtain porosity and
• Hydrocarbon effects on the density and neutron How the hydrocarbon effect can be quantified in carbonates
• Using Gamma Ray Log in carbonates to estimate the volume of dolomite
• Basics of Resistivity: Rxo and RT array measurements

Day 3

Evaluation of variable parameters in Carbonates

• The formation The use of the formation factor to obtain a correlation between Porosity vs “m”.
• Wettability and the Saturation exponent “n”. Parameters affecting the coefficient “n”
• Estimating the porosity exponent “m” and Saturation Exponent “n” at downhole conditions.
• Modeling the vug The effect of vugs on the parameter “m”.
• The effects of Carbonates
• Dual Macro and Micro porosities quantifications.
• Estimating water salinities in a variable salinity
• Estimating water saturation (Sw) in carbonates
• Standalone PNL interpretations in carbonates
• Permeability estimations in carbonates

1-hour Workshop on wettability, microporosity, and “m”

Day 4 

Core analysis

• Core The various techniques of obtaining cores.
• Core Evaluating cores to estimate m, relative permeability, porosity, capillary pressure, and the parameter “n”.
• Core-Log Depth correlations between logs and cores.
• Capillary Pressure from the core
• Capillary pressure from the NMR, T2
• Capillary Pressure applications to estimate pore
• Rock types: Winland and the Middle East Equation (MEE) The applications of rock typing for zonation and for estimating permeability.
• Flow Units and the Lorenz plots

1-hour Workshop on rock

Day 5

High Technology Data Acquisition: and application Interpretations in carbonates

• Wireline Formation Testing (WFT)- Pressure Gradient
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: MR-Scanner to evaluate rock pore
• Imagining: Quanta Geo
• Dielectric Scanner: applications for interpretations in fresh-water Evaluating rock textures.
• The Litho-Scanner: Accurate evaluation of complex Competing the total Inorganic carbon percentage.
• The Sonic –Scanner: Applications to estimate permeability from Stonely, maximum and minimum stress values, and anisotropy.
• Rt-Scanner: Application in laminated sand
• Pulsar- PNX- new high technology pulsed neutron with 21 bursts of neutron in the inelastic range. Special applications for C/O and for detecting gas.
• X-Well EM: This is used to map the water flood between

1-hour Workshop on WFT, Pulsar and Sonic Scanner applications in Carbonates.